General Knowledge (FAQ)



Android -
Android is the operating system for mobile phones, tablet computers and smartbooks based on the Linux kernel.



Widget -
Widget is a simple mini-program that decorates the desktop in the form of a beautiful icon and facilitates access to a variety of information.




Customization -
is the production or alteration of mass production for a specific order of consumers by means of a complete set of additional elements or accessories. In our case, this is an individual configuration of your device.





The compiler-
is a program that converts text written in algorithmic language into a program consisting of machine instructions. The compiler creates a complete version of the program in the machine language. The term comes from the English "compilation" - association, compilation. The process of converting a source file into an executable is called compilation.




A smartphone-
is a mobile phone with enhanced functionality comparable to a PDA - a pocket personal computer. To denote some devices that combine the capabilities of a mobile phone and PDA, the term "communicator" is used.




Screenshot -
screenshot - an image received by the computer and showing exactly what the user sees on the monitor screen.




A digital compass
is able to determine how your device is currently oriented. Then this information can be used in the mapping program for orientation on the terrain




Android Market / Play Market -
online store applications for devices based on OS Android.




Launcher -
the shell of the phone (the appearance and interface of the operating system installed in the phone)




A2DP (Advanced Audio Distribution Profile)-
is a program that defines how two Bluetooth devices must transmit and receive high-quality audio streams. The A2DP profile allows you to transfer in one direction (from a mobile phone to a headset) a stream of 2-channel stereo sound (for example, music).




ADB - (Android Debug Bridge - Android debug bridge)-
a tool that is installed with the Android-SDK and allows you to control the device based on the Android OS. You can find it in the "tool" folder unpacked by the SDK.





Android Debug Bridge (adb) is a versatile command-line tool that lets you communicate with a device (an emulator or a connected Android device). The adb command facilitates a variety of device actions, such as installing and debugging apps, and it provides access to a Unix shell that you can use to run a variety of commands on a device. It is a client-server program that includes three components:


  • A client, which sends commands. The client runs on your development machine. You can invoke a client from a command-line terminal by issuing an adb command.
  • A daemon (adbd), which runs commands on a device. The daemon runs as a background process on each device.
  • A server, which manages communication between the client and the daemon. The server runs as a background process on your development machine.


adb is included in the Android SDK Platform-Tools package. You can download this package with the SDK Manager, which installs it at android_sdk/platform-tools/. Or if you want the standalone Android SDK Platform-Tools package





Fastboot -
Fastboot is a protocol that can be used to re-flash partitions on your device (update the flash file system in Android devices). It is this small tool that comes with the Android SDK (Software Developer Kit), which is an alternative to the Recovery Mode for doing installations and updates.




Backup -
saves all settings and settings for recovery in case of data loss.




Bluetooth-
is a wireless technology that facilitates the transfer of information between devices (for example, between a mobile phone and a wireless headset). For stable operation, the distance between Bluetooth-devices should not exceed 10 meters.




Phone firmware-
Phone firmware is a complete set of software (software) of a mobile phone entering its operating system and is responsible for efficient interaction of the mobile device with its user (owner). In other words, this is the link that helps you to use your mobile phone, and it is up to you to carry out your commands.

The cause of bad work can be a flaw in programmers, the installation of programs of questionable origin or software glitches. In any case, flashing the phone will help get rid of all the problems and improve its performance.

For each phone model, it develops its own firmware, which can not be installed on another phone.





The firmware-
is the official device released by the manufacturer.





Custom firmware -
home-made firmware, it is also called "alternative". Usually this is an official firmware updated or updated by independent developers.




Upgrade by air -
update the official firmware to a more recent version via the Internet connection




Bootloader -
the boot loader of the operating system - the system software that








Boot.img -
the bootloader - works like a Linux kernel. It can use a mboot-compatible bootloader (usually used patched syslinux) that feeds a boot-dfe .img file (Linux users it is known as a RAM disk or initrd), and boot-dfe uses it to get kext / mkext files.




ClockWorkMod -
a modified Recovery menu with advanced features such as: installation of various fixes, resetting the battery log, creating Nandroid backup, cleaning Dalvik cache, etc.




CSC (Country Specific Configuration)-
CSC (Country Specific Configuration)-settings for the country. For Russia, the CSC with the SER code contains the settings for mobile operator access points for region-specific programs (uTalk, Navi), as well as images, music samples, commercials, etc.
For example, the code I9000OXEJG1 stands for:
i9000 - model number;
OXE - the code of the country or set of countries (SER - Russia, OXE - [Baltic, Kazakhstan, Russia, Ukraine]);
J - year (I - 2009, J - 2010, K - 2011);
G - month (F - June, G - July, H - August, I - September);
1 - firmware number this month.


CyanogenMod
is a project that creates firmware for some Android devices. Firmware is developed based on the open source Android code. CyanogenMod is designed to increase the performance and reliability of Android devices. Also, it creates a lot of features and improvements that are currently missing in the standard versions of Android.




Dalvik
is a Java virtual machine used to run programs (only with * .apk extension). Its task is to make access faster.




Dalvik cache
is an intermediate fast access buffer that carries information requested with the greatest likelihood (in this case, created by the Dalvik virtual machine). Simply put, Dalvik-cache is the result of optimization of the most frequently launched programs by the Dalvik virtual machine.




Communication module (radio module)-
Android is responsible for working or improving the audibility of conversational dynamics, for the stability of the mobile, as well as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth network




EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution)-
is a radio interface technology that extends the capabilities of GSM networks (Global System for Mobile Communications) and TDMA (Time Division Multiple Access) Time), which enables them to compete with third generation (3G) cellular networks. EDGE networks are often called networks of generation 2.75G.




Fix -
fix.




Dynamic translation -
dynamic compilation.




Flickr
is a service designed to store and further use digital photos and videos by the user. It is one of the first Web 2.0 services. One of the most popular sites among bloggers for posting photos. As of September 18, 2010, the service had in its base more than 5 billion images uploaded by its users. Flickr was acquired by Yahoo! In March 2005.




Goldcard -
Goldcard -a specially formatted memory card with which you can flash an Android device. Goldcard is a way to bypass the regional protection of firmware on HTC devices.
HTC manufacturer for most of its devices uses a special RUU installer, updating the firmware. Compressed to the archive folder, users can download from the official site of HTC, using the serial number of their device (this HTC excludes the possibility of incorrect installation of the update). For additional protection, HTC, issuing an update, installs special codes (CustomerID or CID) in the firmware of those countries for which it is intended.
During the installation, provided that the CustomerID of the device matches one of the CustomerID firmware, the latter is installed successfully.


GPRS (General Packet Radio Systems)-
is a data service for mobile devices. It uses devices that comply with the GSM standard.




GPS (Global Positioning System) -
a global navigation satellite system, which includes three segments - grouping of satellites, ground control system and user equipment. The GPS system and related programs are used to determine your location.




GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)-
GSM (Global System for Mobile communications)- is the most widespread standard in the world of mobile telephony.
G-sensor - determines the position and movement of your device in space. Serves for setting the horizontal and vertical orientation of the screen, depending on how you hold your device. In addition, the G-sensor is used in games for controlling actions in other programs, where the input of information requires a change in the orientation of the device.


HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface) -
interface for high-definition video content. Through the HDMI port, high-resolution video data and multi-channel digital audio signals with copy protection are transmitted.




HSDPA (High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access)-
HSDPA (High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access)- is a mobile telephony technology that increases the bandwidth when downloading data on 3G networks. Networks using HSDPA technology are called 3.5G networks because of the significantly higher download speed.
HSPA (High-Speed ​​Packet Access) - the technology of mobile telephony, which increases the speed of transmission and reception of information in mobile devices. This technology is used in 3G networks.


HSUPA (High-Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access)-
is a mobile telephony technology that increases the bandwidth when data is downloaded in 3G networks. Networks using HSUPA and HSDPA (High-Speed ​​Downlink Packet Access) technology are often referred to as 3.5G networks due to higher information exchange rates.




HVGA (Half-size Video Graphics Array) -
display resolution of 320 x 480 pixels.




IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)-
IMEI (International Mobile Equipment Identity)-The international identifier of mobile equipment is a number (usually 15-bit in decimal form), which is unique for everyone using it. It is used in mobile phones of GSM, WCDMA and IDEN networks, as well as in some satellite phones. In Russian, correctly pronounced "Aimei" and is, more simply, the personal identification number of your device.

IMEI is installed in the device when manufacturing in the factory. This code serves to identify the device in the networks where the registration was made and stored in the firmware of the device. Usually IMEI is indicated in four places: in the device itself (it is called by the set of symbols * # 06 #), under the battery, on the packaging and in the manufacturer's warranty card itself. This code plays the role of the serial number of the device, being broadcast on authorization in the network. The presence of IMEI allows you to monitor gadgets and block stolen phones at the level of a particular mobile phone operator. This does not allow further use of such a device in the network of this operator, but, alas, does not prevent its use in other networks.


JIT - Just-in-time compilation (JIT)
is the process of increasing the productivity of software systems using bytecode by compiling bytecode into machine code while the program is running. This achieves high execution speed (comparable to compiled languages) due to increased memory consumption (for storing compilation results) and compilation time.




Kernel
is the core of the system. It is usually stitched from under the modified recovery (or from the bootloader).




Lagfix (lagfix) -
a program that allows you to speed up the operation of the Android system.




MicroSD
is the standard for removable flash memory cards used in portable devices. The microSD card has a size of 15 x 11 x 1 mm.




MMS (Multimedia Message Service)-
is a protocol for sending messages over the wireless networks containing text, graphics, photos, video and sound recordings.




Nandroid backup -
a full backup of the system with the ability to lift the phone from any state in case of a malfunction.




Rebooot -
reboot.




Recovery-
is a system partition (similar to Bios) containing tools for flashing, creating backups, restoring from backups and other things. The combination of keys for entering Recovery is different for each device.




RDS-
is a communication protocol that regulates standards for certain types of radio content that FM transmitters transmit.




Root rights -
this is the Administrator account, only under Android. The administrator can do anything, unlike a simple user - not an administrator. Root rights give complete control over your system.




RSS (Really Simple Syndication)-
is a very simple way to get information, most known on the Internet as a news feed) is a web protocol used to transmit frequently updated information (web blogs, audio and video sharing, news headlines, etc.). Internet users can subscribe to the RSS feed to receive on-line information on the mobile device or on the computer.




SDIO cards (Secure Digital Input Output)-
are used in mobile devices to increase the capacity of flash memory.




SD (Secure Digital Memory Card)-
is a flash memory card format designed specifically for use in portable devices. A very convenient way to store information, which is now widely used in digital cameras, mobile phones, PDAs, communicators, GPS-navigators and game consoles.




SIM (Subscriber Identity Module)-
A small programmable card containing a memory chip. It contains the user identification key of the mobile communication, designed to recognize the user's phone by the mobile operator. The settings for additional services used by the subscriber can be recorded on the card.
The SIM card can be integrated into the phone or autonomous, which allows users to use their old phone number when changing the device without contacting the mobile operator. The SIM card is used in GSM networks.





SPL - SPL functions -
SPL - SPL functions -providing the start of the firmware. The SPL takes the baton from the radio part. Prepares hardware for startup, adjusts necessary registers. Pass the kernel partition table flash drive. Displays the amount of available RAM. Installs the kernel into memory, performing the functions of firmware and recovery. Allows you to fill in the NBH firmware, completely replacing all parts of the phone's firmware and dropping all previous settings. And also loads individual images of different parts of the firmware. Further it connects to the computer using the fastboot protocol (used for recovery).





Swap -
virtual memory, the data of which are located on external storage devices.




Swipe -
a method for entering text without taking your fingers off the screen




UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System)-
is a network platform for cellular telephony. This is one of 3G technologies.




WCDMA (Wideband Code Division Multiple Access) -
broadband multiple access with code division of channels - a protocol for data transmission in 3G cellular networks.




Wipe -
a full reset (similar to Hard Reset on WM). This clears the / data and / cache folders, deletes all installed applications, and clears all system settings.




Wi-Fi -
is a term that denotes certain types of local wireless networks (WLAN) using the IEEE 802.11 standard (b / g / n).
Used as an alternative to a wired LAN network. Already become accustomed to airports, hotels, restaurants, free Wi-Fi access points that provide Internet connection.




WVGA (Wide Video Graphics Array) -
display resolution 480 x 800 pixels.




2G - Network
2-nd generation (the second generation of cellular networks). In mobile telephony, 2G protocols use digital encryption and include such ranges as GSM, D-AMPS (TDMA) and CDMA. Today they are used all over the world and support the transmission of sound in high quality. Unfortunately, they have limited possibilities for exchanging digital data (for example, sending and receiving faxes and SMS). Most 2G protocols support different levels of encryption and use the frequency bands 880-915 MHz, 925-960 MHz, 1710-1785 MHz and 1805-1880 MHz.




3G - Network
3-d generation (the third generation of cellular networks). They support higher bit rates (measured in Mbps) to execute applications, in addition to transmitting sound vibrations. 3G technology allows you to use applications that require high bandwidth communication channels, such as cinematic quality video, video conferencing and full Internet access. 3G networks support wireless data transmission at a speed of 144 kbps, if the user moves in the car, 384 kbps, if the user walks, and 2 Mbps when the user is stationary.





OTA / FOTA (English Firmware on-the-air)-
is a technology of remote firmware update via mobile network or Wi-Fi firmware (firmware / SW / Firmware) of mobile devices and PDAs. The most commonly used term is an update.




FRP Lock (Factory Reset Protection)/ Google Account :

Android Factory Reset Protection (FRP) is a new feature to protect your device which has been added to several Samsung devices that are running Android OS 5.1 or higher.
This feature allows you to set up your device to prevent other people from using it if it's been reset to factory settings without your permission. For example, if your device is lost, stolen, flashed, or wiped, only someone with your Google account or screen lock information can perform a factory data reset and use the device.
When a device is factory reset, the device will not be able to be setup without the user entering the Google Account associated with the device (for hard reset) or screen lock information (for reset in Settings menu).

Important! You must set up a Google account in order to utilize the FRP feature. It is highly recommended that you set a secure screen lock on your device.






USB Debugging
USB Debugging Mode is a mode that can be enabled in Android after connecting the device directly to a computer with a USB cable. The primary function of this mode is to facilitate a connection between an Android device and a computer with Android SDK (software development kit).




OEM Lock -
Simply put, fastboot oem lock puts your bootloader into a mode that prevents you from overwriting your recovery image, without a subsequent fastboot oem unlock. This serves as a security precaution, primarily where the default recovery and firmware is installed


KHAWAJAGSM